Vitalik published an article outlining the short-term and long-term plans for Ethereum's scalability

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin elaborated on the short-term and long-term plans for Ethereum's scalability in a social media post.

In terms of short-term scalability, the upcoming Glamsterdam upgrade will introduce block-level access lists for parallel validation, as well as the ePBS feature. At the same time, a multi-dimensional Gas mechanism will be introduced, adding a "state creation Gas" dimension that does not count towards the approximately 16 million transaction Gas limit, allowing for the creation of larger contracts. The EVM will maintain two invariants and handle multi-dimensional Gas consumption through a "reserve pool" mechanism. In the long term, the focus will shift to a multi-dimensional pricing model. Long-term scalability includes two components: ZK-EVM and Blobs. On the Blobs side, the goal is to continue iterating on PeerDAS, aiming for a data processing capacity of about 8 MB/second, with future Ethereum block data going directly into Blobs. The ZK-EVM aspect will be phased in: by 2026, a client allowing validators to participate using ZK-EVM will emerge, but it will not be sufficient for the network to operate fully; by 2027, a larger proportion of the network will be recommended to run ZK-EVM, while focusing on formal verification and security enhancements; when ready, the transition to a 3-of-5 mandatory proof will occur, where a block must include 3 out of 5 proofs from different proof systems to be valid. At that time, it is expected that all nodes (except index nodes) will rely on ZK-EVM proofs.